CHRONOLOGY

It would be beneficial if a chronology of the events in Sambhajiraje’s life is provided at this stage.

Date	Events
14 May 1657	(Twelfth day of the waxing moon fortnight in the month of Jyeshtha, Hemalambi named Samvatsar, Shaka 1579) Sambhajiraje’s birth at Purandar.
5 September 1659	(Fourteenth day of the waning moon fortnight in the month of Bhadrapad, Shaka 1581) Mother Maharani Saibai dies at Rajgad.
After April 1661	Sambhajiraje’s marriage with Rajasbai, daughter of Pilajirao Shirke.
13 June 1665	Treaty between Marathas and Mughals, Sambhajiraje gets Mansabdari (commandery) over five-thousand cavalrymen from the Mughals.
June – September 1665	Sambhajiraje goes to Mirza Raja Jaisingh to accept the Mansabdari.
5 March 1666	Sambhajiraje goes to Agra along with Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj.
11 May 1666	Father-son duo arrive at Agra.
13 May 1666	Badshah Aurangzeb gifts Saropa, gemstone encrusted dagger, and a pearl necklace to Sambhajiraje.
17 August 1666	Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and Sambhajiraje escape from Agra.
20 November 1666	Sambhajiraje arrives back at Rajgad.
27 October 1667	Sambhajiraje arrives at Aurangabad in relation with Mughal Mansabdari.
4 November 1667	Sambhajiraje meets Shah Aalam.
5 November 1667	Sambhajiraje returns to Rajgad.
December 1669 – January 1670	Sambhajiraje’s Mansabdari ends because the treaty with the Mughals is broken. Due to this, Prataprao Gujar returns to Rajgad from Aurangabad.
26 January 1671	Responsibility of managing independent administration entrusted to Sambhajiraje. For this, stewards, scribes, and other arrangements made.
19 September 1671	Mahadaji Yamaji provided as Waknis to Sambhajiraje.
January 1672	Sambhajiraje at the forefront of Ramnagar campaign along with Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj.
6 March 1673	Annajipant captures Panhala through subterfuge, Kondaji Farzand had attacked the fort with only 60 men. Sambhajiraje stays at Panhalgad.
April – June 1674	Sambhajiraje given responsibility to deal with the British trading company.
June 1674	Sambhajiraje felicitated as Yuvaraj in Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj’s coronation ceremony.
17 June 1674	Rajmata Jijabai dies at Pachad.
4 February 1675	Sambhajiraje’s upanayana ceremony. Sambhajiraje appointed to lead the campaign to attack Adilshahi realms.
7 July 1675	Negotiations held with Khanjahan Bahadur about a Treaty with the Mughals.
7 September 1675	British emissary Samuel Austin meets Shivaji Maharaj and Sambhajiraje for negotiations about the plunder of Rajapur factory.
6 October 1676	Shivaji Maharaj embarks on the Carnatic campaign.
1 November 1676	Sambhajiraje assumes control at Shringarpur as the Subedar of Prabhavali Suba.
1677	Sambhajiraje visits the British to negotiate the compensation for the plunder of Rajapur factory.
10 January 1677	Reference to Sambhajiraje’s authority in a letter from British officials at Surat.
21 October 1677	Sambhajiraje kept at Shringarpur. Umajipant Pandit kept as company.
4 September 1678	Sambhajiraje blessed with daughter Bhawanibai. Born at Shringarpur.
3 November 1678	Sambhajiraje told to stay at Parali fort (Sajjangad) in Samarth Ramdas Swami’s presence by Shivaji Maharaj.
3 December 1678	Sambhajiraje runs away from Parali fort (Sajjangad) and joins Mughal sardar Diler Khan.
13 December 1678	Sambhajiraje meets Diler Khan. Conferred upon mansabdari of seven-thousand cavalrymen.
3 April 1679	Diler Khan attacks various places in the Maratha realms along with Sambhajiraje. Captures Bhupalgad.
15 September 1679	Diler Khan attacks Bijapur.
26 November 1679	Sambhajiraje runs away from Diler Khan’s camp and reaches Bijapur.
21 December 1679	Sambhajiraje reaches Panhalgad.
13 January 1680	Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and Sambhajiraje, the father-son duo meet at Panhalgad.
18 January 1680	Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj enters into a treaty with the British.
22 January 1680 to 19 February 1680	Sambhajiraje attacks Burhanpur.
15 March 1680	Rajaram’s marriage with Prataprao Gujar’s daughter Janakibai.
3 April 1680	Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj dies at Raigad.
15 April 1680	Sambhajiraje orders to bring the food-grain from Karwar harbour.
Before 19 April 1680	Sambhajiraje gathering forces at Panhala. Due to blockade of food-grains and provisions, people get frightened that Sambhajiraje would plunder Karwar.
20 April 1680	Mughals begin troubling British, Dutch, and Portuguese at Surat. British get a tax share of 3.5%.
21 April 1680	Through the initiative of Annajipant Surnis Rajaram’s accession to throne. Decision to arrest Sambhajiraje. Responsibility given to Moropant Peshwe and dispatched to Panhalgad.
26 April 1680	Sambhajiraje assumes control. Orders dispatched through Raoji Pandit telling all Subedars to provide revenue assessment details to Sambhajiraje at Panhala.
27 April 1680	Sambhajiraje assumes kingship. Calls all Havildars and Subedars for meeting him. Some of them arrested, and some removed.
6 May 1680	Rajaram’s accession to throne by everyone’s agreement at Raigad.
7 May 1680	Portuguese begin friendly negotiations with Sambhajiraje.
18 June 1680	Sambhajiraje reaches Raigad and begins his administration.
27 June 1680	Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj’s fourth wife Putalabai commits Sati.
20 July 1680	Sambhajiraje’s accession to throne.
Before 7 August 1680	Bahadur Khan besieges Ahiwantgad. Marathas put up fierce resistance. Sambhajiraje himself prepares to go for help.
September 1680	Chhatrapati Sambhajiraje attacks Underi with 200 men, but failure due to unknown route and location.
October-November 1680	Chhatrapati Sambhajiraje seeks blessings from Baba Yakut of Kelshi. Emissary of Mumbai’s British warned about not helping the Siddis. Chhatrapati Sambhajiraje dispatches one detachment towards Surat, another towards Burhanpur, and third to attack Bahadur Khan. Chhatrapati Sambhajiraje’s navy begins free movement and attacks various places.
12 December 1680	Chhatrapati Sambhajiraje arrests Raghunath Narayan (Hanmante) and replaces him by Harjiraje Mahadik and Shyamji Naik Punde to run the Carnatic affairs.
1 January 1681	Shehzada Akbar begins efforts to arrest Badshah Aurangzeb and assume throne.
16 January 1681	Shehzada Akbar openly revolts against his father. Attacks Ajmer. Akbar defeated in the battle. Chhatrapati Sambhajiraje’s coronation with due ceremony on seventh day of waxing moon fortnight of the month of Magha Shaka 1602. Ceremony held at Raigad.
11 February 1681	Chhatrapati Sambhajiraje’s forces plunder Dharangaon.
April-May 1681	Maratha detachment attacks Aurangabad.
9 May 1681	Akbar seeks refuge from Chhatrapati Sambhajiraje along with Durgadas. A letter is dispatched containing that purport.
16 May 1681	Chhatrapati Sambhajiraje’s forces attack region around Daman and burn some houses.
10 June 1681	Akbar stays at Pali. Netoji Palkar and Hiroji Farzand appointed for meeting with him.
31 July 1681	Aurangzeb sends his third son Azamshah to arrest Akbar.
August-September 1681	Secretary Annaji Datto, Balaji Aavji Prabhu, Somaji Datto, and Hiroji Farzand arrested on suspicion of having conspired to poison Chhatrapati Sambhajiraje, killed later.
8 September 1681	Aurangzeb arrives in Burhanpur. Chhatrapati Sambhajiraje’s stepmother Soyarabai dies.
13 November 1681	Chhatrapati Sambhajiraje and Akbar meet at Patshahpur (Dhondse, Pali, Patshahpur). Durgadas in attendance.
3 January 1682	Marathas burn Apte. Siddi wreaks havoc.
19 January 1682	Danda-Rajapuri faces fierce attack.
22 January 1682	Shree Ramdas Swami takes Samadhi atop Parali fort.
January 1682	Hassan Ali Khan attacks Kalyan-Bhiwandi province. Returns after arson. Dom Francisco De Tavor Counte De Alvor becomes Portuguese viceroy.
4 February 1682	Hassan Ali Khan burns many villages belonging to Chhatrapati Sambhajiraje. Battles with his forces. Danda-Rajapuri’s siege lifted.
22 March 1682	Aurangzeb arrives at Aurangabad.
March-April 1682	Shiyabuddin Khan besieges Ramshej fort.
April-May 1682	Rupaji Bhosale, Manaji More attack Shiyabuddin Khan in a fierce battle. Chhatrapati Sambhajiraje’s forces attack Anjadiv island and prepare to build a fort there. Portuguese capture the Anjadiv island back. Chhatrapati Sambhajiraje sends Maynak Bhandari and Siddi Sambool’s son-in-law to attack the British.
18 May 1682	Chhatrapati Sambhajiraje blessed with a son – Shahu, born at Gangawali.
June 1682	Marathas attack Chaul. In response the Portuguese attack Fonda. Marathas attack Khanderi.
28 July 1682	Chhatrapati Sambhajiraje captures Portuguese vessels. But becomes a centre of attacks on all sides at the same time.
July 1682	3-4 Forts belonging to Chhatrapati Sambhajiraje captured by the Mughals. Ramshej too captured. Help requested from Bijapur. Refused help because of many conditions.
28 August 1682	Siddi attacks Kurla, Nagothane side and plunders. Maratha forces’ siege around Janjira fails.
October 1682	Chhatrapati Sambhajiraje’s emissary sent to the British.
December 1682	Portuguese grant permission to the Mughal vessels to pass through their areas.
17 January 1683	Akbar meets Goa’s viceroy Francisco-de-Tavora
20 January 1683	Aurangzeb’s emissary Sheikh Mohammed arrives in Goa to meet the Portuguese viceroy. Chhatrapati Sambhajiraje’s forces capture two forts belonging to the Portuguese.
January-February 1683	Sultan Azamshah reaches up to Kolhapur. Hambirrao forces him back.
20 February 1683	Maratha emissary Yesaji Gambhirrao meets Portuguese viceroy.
March-April 1683	Rupaji Bhosale and Ranmast Khan meet in battle near Titoliya.
12 April 1683	Portuguese viceroy dispatches his duplicitous letter to Aurangzeb.
15 April 1683	Chhatrapati Sambhajiraje attacks Dahanu, Asheri, Saiwan, Tarapur etc. Portuguese stations.
4 May 1683	Beginning of opposing stand by Portuguese viceroy against Chhatrapati Sambhajiraje.
14 May 1683	Yesaji Gambhirrao, Chhatrapati Sambhajiraje’s permanent ambassador at Goa placed under house arrest by the Portuguese.
10 June 1683	Chhatrapati Sambhajiraje attacks Rajapur and Revdanda and besieges the fort.
22 July 1683	Chhatrapati Sambhajiraje attacks Chaul.
12 August 1683	Portuguese plan to attack Chhatrapati Sambhajiraje at Narwe.
September-October 1683	Aurangzeb arrives at Ahmednagar from Aurangabad. Diler Khan dies.
27 October 1683	Portuguese viceroy travels to Agashi for attacking Fonda.
1 November 1683	Chhatrapati Sambhajiraje besieges Handi (Fonda). Yesaji Kank and his son Krishnaji Kank prove their mettle.
24 November 1683	Chhatrapati Sambhajiraje besieges Goa’s Santo Estivo fort and captures it (Juve Island).
11 December 1683	Chhatrapati Sambhajiraje attacks Sashti and Bardesh regions.
13 December 1683	Portuguese viceroy proclaims in his declaration that Chhatrapati Sambhajiraje will not stop unless he wipes out all of the Portuguese and Christian people in Goa.
23 December 1683	Kavi Kalash conferred with prime leadership position.
27 December 1683	Shiyabuddin Khan attacks Nizampur getting down from Devghat. Shah Aalam embarks via Ramghat to attack Kudal, Bande.
28 December 1683	Mumbai harbour passes under control of England’s King Charles, and Richard Kejwin appointed as governor.
2 January 1684	Chhatrapati Sambhajiraje returns to Raigad to face Shah Aalam’s attack.
7 January 1684	Akbar and Kavi Kalash negotiate the treaty with the Portuguese at Bheemgad. Nicolao Manucci officiates as interpreter.
7 January 1684	Shah Aalam gets down via Ram-Ghat into Konkan.
January-February 1684	Maratha-Portuguese Treaty.
17, 30 April 1684	Aurangzeb issues two firmans to pressurise Adilshahi.
26 April 1684	Mumbai’s governor Kejwin’s emissary Captain Gary meets Chhatrapati Sambhajiraje at Birwadi.
30 October 1684	Aurangzeb embarks on the final campaign to finish-off Adilshahi. Chhatrapati Sambhajiraje helps Adilshah to fight the Mughals.
19 November 1684	Mumbai island returned to East India Company.
February 1685	Maratha forces attack Dharangaon.
8 February 1685	Portuguese and Desai enter into secret arrangement. As per it, decision made for Desais to open revolt in the Maratha realms, and the Portuguese to help them.
June-July 1685	Kavi Kalash sent to help Adilshah.
November 1685	Nagoji Ballal takes huge force to help Adilshah.
September 1686	Siddi captures some forts belonging to the Marathas.
9 September 1686	Aurangzeb finishes off Adilshahi Sultanate
February-March 1687	Akbar leaves for Shaz.
17 September 1687	George Weldon and Robert Graham arrive at Raigad to meet Chhatrapati Sambhajiraje.
22 September 1687	Aurangzeb finishes off Golconda’s Qutubshahi Sultanate.
December 1687	Sarja Khan’s attack at Wai results in Chhatrapati Sambhajiraje’s Commander-in-Chief Hambirrao Mohite getting killed.
October-November 1688	Chhatrapati Sambhajiraje and Kavi Kalash resolve the matter of the Shirkes’ revolt and drive them away. Aurangzeb Badshah reaches the banks of Bheema from Bijapur.
1 February 1689	Sheikh Nizam captures Chhatrapati Sambhajiraje and Kavi Kalash while staying at Sangameshwar (at a nearby village Khatole).
15 February 1689	Sheikh Nizam arrives in Aurangzeb’s camp carrying his prisoners. Chhatrapati Sambhajiraje blinded.
11 March 1689	Aurangzeb orders Chhatrapati Sambhajiraje and Kavi Kalash to be beheaded while at Tulapur. Maharani Yesubai and son Shahu arrested at Raigad.

The End.